Electrical

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Electricity is a property of matter that results from the presence or movement of electric charge. Together with magnetism, it constitutes the fundamental interaction known as electromagnetism. Electricity is responsible for many well-known physical phenomena such as lightning, electric fields and electric currents, and is put to use in industrial applications such as electronics and electric power.

Concepts in electricity

In casual usage, the term electricity is applied to several related concepts that are better identified by more precise terms.

• Electric charge: a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interactions. Electrically charged matter is influenced by, and produces, electromagnetic fields.
• Electric field is an effect produced by an electric charge that exerts a force on charged objects in its vicinity.
• Electric potential: the potential energy per unit charge associated with a static (time-invariant) electric field.
• Electric current: a movement or flow of electrically charged particles.
• Electrical energy: energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor or from the forces between charged particles.
• Electric power: The rate at which electric energy is converted into another form, such as light, heat, or mechanical energy (or converted from another form into electric energy).

History

Ancient

According to Thales of Miletus, writing 600 BC, a form of electricity was known to the Ancient Greeks who found that rubbing fur on various substances, such as amber, would cause a particular attraction between the two. The Greeks noted that the amber buttons could attract light objects such as hair and that if they rubbed the amber for long enough they could even get a spark to jump.

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